Putting it all together: verbs (Fantasy Friday #20)

lilquoylih’ /lĩ˦lkʷõĩlɪ̃˨ʔ/ “it is getting closer” (This word would be used for, i.e., a missile approaching a target, when it is known that the missile has been aimed at that target.)
lilquoytiq /lĩ˦lkʷõĩtʰĩ˦x/ “it is getting closer” (more appropriate if a missile is getting closer, but its intended destination is not known)
rihmintoylih’ /rɪ̃˨mĩ˦ntʰõĩlɪ̃˨ʔ/ “I am sending (something)” (implies that the something is in the process of being sent, but that there is a finite amount of the thing, so there will be a definite end to the sending)
quiginnuhs /kʷĩ˦gĩ˦nːʌ̃˨ʂ/ “I am honored to see you”
qihquitnuhs /xɪ̃˨kʷĩ˦tʰnʌ̃˨ʂ/ “do me the honor of telling me”
nkituhruhnkih’ /ᵑkĩ˦tʰʌ̃˨rʌ̃˨ᵑkɪ̃˨ʔ/ “as soon as you control it”
quigoynnkih’ /kʷĩ˦gõĩnᵑkɪ̃˨ʔ/ “as soon as I command you”
nkinkirchoygh /ᵑkĩ˦ᵑkirt͡ʃõĩɣ/ “if you want them”
choquitchoygh /t͡ʃɔ̃˞kʷĩ˦t͡ʃʰõĩɣ/ “if you tell me”
choquitti’ /t͡ʃɔ̃˞kʷĩ˦tːʰĩ˦ʔ/ “before you tell me”
quigoynti’ /kʷĩ˦gõĩntʰĩ˦ʔ/ “before I command you”
nihkhunktiqrihs /nɪ̃˨q͡χʌ̃˨ᵑktĩ˦xrɪ̃˨ʂ/ “while you are sleeping”
chogin’i’ /t͡ʃɔ̃˞gĩ˦nʔĩ˦ʔ/ “do you see me?”
roynquoy’i’ /rõĩnkʷõĩʔĩ˦ʔ/ “does he/she/it understand?”

As with nouns, when more than one suffix is used with a verb, they must occur in the correct order, according to their type.  No more than one suffix of each type may occur at a time. No instances have been found of a verb followed by nine suffixes, but it is theoretically possible. A few examples should suffice to show ordering of the suffixes.

noyrirtoy’’i’ /nõĩrĩ˦rtʰõĩʔːĩ˦ʔ/ “have they discovered us?”
noy- (pronomial prefix) “they—us”
rir (verb) “discover”
-toy’ (aspectual suffix) perfective
-’i’ (syntactic suffix) interrogative

noyrtoy’uhghtoy’ /nõĩrtʰõĩʔʌ̃˨ɣtʰõĩʔ/ “he/she/it destroyed him/herself/itself”
∅ (pronomial prefix) “he/she/it”
noyrtoy (verb) “destroy”
-uhgh (reflexive suffix) “oneself”
-toy’ (aspectual suffix) perfective

sihlogtoymoqliq /ʂɪ̃˨lɔ̃˞gtʰõĩmɔ̃˞xlĩ˦x/ “we can create it”
sih- (pronomial prefix) “we—it”
logtoy (verb) “take form”
-moq (causative suffix) “cause”
-liq (potentive suffix) “can; able”

nkirinloy’tiq /ᵑkĩ˦rĩ˦nlõĩʔtĩ˦x/ “you are to be remembered”
nki- (pronomial prefix) “you—him/her/it”
rin (verb) “remember”
-loy’ (potentive suffix) indefinite subject
-tiq (aspectual suffix) continuous

rihnkoytoynihstoy’ /rɪ̃˨ᵑkõĩtʰõĩnɪ̃˨ʂtʰõĩʔ/ “I needed to take him/her/it”
rih- (pronomial prefix) “I—him/her/it”
nkoytoy (verb) “take”
-nihs (volitive suffix) “need”
-toy’ (aspectual suffix) perfective

khirquingmoqloy’toy’ /q͡χĩ˦rkʷĩ˦ŋmɔ̃˞xlõĩʔtʰõĩʔ/ “it made him/her/it willing to die”
∅ (pronomial prefix) “he/she/it—him/her/it”
khir (verb) “die”
-quing (volitive suffix) “willing”
-moq (causative suffix) “cause”
-loy’ (potentive suffix) indefinite suffix
-toy’ (aspectual suffix) perfective

mililquoychoqmoqnuhs’i’ /mĩ˦lĩ˦lkʷõĩt͡ʃɔ̃˞xmɔ̃˞xnʌ̃˨ʂʔːĩ˦ʔ/ “may we execute a course (to some place)?”
mi- (pronomial prefix) “we”
lilquoy (verb) “proceed on a course”
-choq (transformative suffix) change
-moq (causative suffix) cause
-nuhs (honorific suffix) honorific
-’i’ (syntctic suffix) interrogative

There is one additional set of verb suffixes which Orcish grammarians call lilquoysih’muhg “rovers”.  Rovers are verb suffixes which do not have a fixed position in relation to the other suffixes following a verb but, instead, can come just about anywhere except following a syntactic suffix. Their position is determined by the meaning intended. There are two types of rovers: the negative and the emphatic.  Here are some examples of rovers in action:

rihnkoyro’liqnuh’ /rɪ̃˨ᵑkõĩrɔ̃˞ʔlĩ˦xnʌ̃˨ʔ/ “they are useless to me” “I cannot use them”
rih- (pronomial prefix) “I—them”
nkoyro’ (verb) “use”
-liq (potentive suffix) “can; able”
-nuh’ (rover suffix) “not”

jihgilnkinuh’ /d͡ʒɪ̃˨gĩ˦lᵑkĩ˦nʌ̃˨ʔ/ “I don’t care (which of several courses of action is followed)”
jih- (pronomial prefix) “I”
gilnki (verb) “care; be concerned about; choose”
-nuh’ (rover suffix) “not”

royngoynuh’ /rːõĩŋõĩnʌ̃˨ʔ/ “it’s not a problem” “no problem!”
∅ (pronomial prefix) “he/she/it—him/her/it”
royngoy (verb) “be a problem; be a hassle”
-nuh’ (rover suffix) “not”

The roving nature of “-nuh’” is best illustrated in the following set of words.

chonoyrtoyriht /t͡ʃɔ̃˞nõĩrtʰõĩrɪ̃˨tʰ/ “you are afraid to kill me”
chonoyrtoyrihtnuh’ /t͡ʃɔ̃˞nõĩrtʰõĩrɪ̃˨tʰnʌ̃˨ʔ/ “you are not afraid to kill me”
chonoyrtoynuh’riht /t͡ʃɔ̃˞nõĩrtʰõĩnʌ̃˨ʔrɪ̃˨tʰ/ “you are afraid to not kill me”
cho- (pronomial prefix) “you—me”
noyrtoy (verb) “kill”
-riht (volitive suffix) “afraid”
-nuh’ (rover suffix) “not”

In the second word, the negated notion is “afraid” (that is, “not afraid”), and “-nuh'” follows “-riht.”  In the third word, the negated notion is “kill” (that is, “not kill”), so “-nuh’” follows “noyrtoy.”

tiroy /tʰirõĩ/:  (verb) to be right
-ti’ /.tʰĩ˦ʔ/:  (syntactic suffix) before
toyroy /tʰõĩrõĩ/:  (verb) to be lofty; to be tall; to be high
tuhroy /tʰʌ̃˨rõĩ/:  (verb) to be big; to be great; to be large
toynkoy /tʰõĩᵑkõĩ/:  (verb) to be sure; to be fixed; to be firm; to be certain
igsoy /ĩ˦gʂõĩ/:  (verb) to be other
irissioy /ĩ˦rĩ˦ʂːĩ˦õĩ/:  (verb) to be the only; to be lonely; to be solitary
quoyntoy /kʷõĩntʰõĩ/:  (verb) to be full; to be filled
quoyroy /kʷõĩrõĩ/:  (verb) to be old; to be ancient; to belong to or descend from former times
olgoy /ɔ̃˞lgõĩ/:  (verb) to be evil; to be bad; to be wicked
sinquoy /ʂĩ˦nkʷõĩ/:  (verb) to be young; to be new
mintoy /mĩ˦ntʰõĩ/:  (verb) to send; to cause to go (in a desired direction)
-muhq /.mʌ̃˨x/:  (syntactic suffix) for; marks purpose clauses
-choygh /.t͡ʃõĩɣ/:  (syntactic suffix) if
nkoyro’ /ᵑkõĩrɔ̃˞ʔ/:  (verb) to use
-nkih’ /.ᵑkɪ̃˨ʔ/:  (syntactic suffix) as soon as; when
gisoy /gĩ˦ʂõĩ/:  (verb) to be new; to be fresh
gilnki /gĩ˦lᵑkĩ˦/:  (verb) to care; to be concerned about; to choose
goyn /gõĩn/:  (verb) to command; to order; to give an order; (with things as object) to demand
nitoy /nĩ˦tʰõĩ/:  (verb) to be small; to be frail; to be weak; to be little
-nogh /.nɔ̃˞ɣ/:  (syntactic suffix) which; relative clause marker
-nuhs /.nʌ̃˨ʂ/:  (honorific suffix) used to express extreme politeness or deference. It is used only in addressing a superior, someone of higher rank in the orcish social, political, or military hierarchy. It is never required; used rather infrequently by orcs)
-nuh’ /.nʌ̃˨ʔ/:  (rover suffix) not; general negative suffix (follows the concept being negated; can’t be used with imperative verbs))
oynloy /õĩnlõĩ/:  (verb) to be long; to be far
oynwoy /õĩnwõĩ/:  (verb) to be real; to be actual; to be true
rir /rĩ˦r/:  (verb) to find; to discover
rroyngoy /rːõĩŋõĩ/:  (verb) to be a problem; to be awkward; to be hard; to be stiff; to be difficult; to be a hassle
-rihs /.rɪ̃˨ʂ/:  (syntactic suffix) while (always used with the aspectual suffix -tiq)
lonk /lɔ̃˞ᵑk/:  (verb) to hide
lonksih’ /lɔ̃˞ᵑkʂɪ̃˨ʔ/:  (noun) camouflage; cloak of hiding
-lih’ /.lɪ̃˨ʔ/:  (aspectual suffix) in progress; indicates that an activity is ongoing implying that the activity has a known goal or a definite stopping point (in other words, it suggests that progress is being made toward that goal)
-’i’ /.ʔĩ˦ʔ/:  (syntactic suffix) interrogative (yes/no question)
wilwoy /wĩ˦lwõĩ/:  (verb) to be vague; to flutter; to flutter to and fro
wilwoysih’ /wĩ˦lwõĩʂɪ̃˨ʔ/:  (noun) flag